Impacto del entorno laboral en la salud mental de enfermeras en unidades de cuidados intensivos
Palabras clave:
entorno laboral, salud mental, enfermería de cuidados críticos, burnout, distrés moral, unidades de cuidados intensivos.Resumen
Esta revisión integrativa examina la producción científica del quinquenio 2019–2023 sobre la relación entre el entorno laboral y la salud mental de las enfermeras de unidades de cuidados intensivos. La búsqueda se orientó a Scopus y SciELO mediante términos relacionados con enfermería de cuidados críticos, entorno laboral, carga de trabajo, dotación, burnout, depresión, ansiedad, distrés moral y fatiga por compasión. La evidencia fue sintetizada de forma temática y narrativa. Los hallazgos muestran que burnout, depresión, ansiedad, distrés moral y fatiga por compasión se relacionan con carga de trabajo, dotación, calidad del entorno de práctica, exposición a situaciones éticamente complejas y organización del trabajo. La evidencia de intervenciones es prometedora, especialmente para mindfulness, resiliencia, educación ética y debriefing, pero permanece limitada por tamaños muestrales pequeños y heterogeneidad. Se concluye que la protección de la salud mental requiere combinar cambios organizacionales con recursos individuales y de equipo.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Emily Ashley Alvarado Bastidas (Autor/a)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
